Geotextiles are materials made of different types of polymers:
(Polypropilene-PP, Polyester- PET) Translate from: Bosnian
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which are built into the soil and represent an integral part of geotechnical structures.
Types of geotextiles.
Depending on the manufacturing technology, geotextiles can be:
- nonwoven geotextile
- woven geotextile
Technical characteristics
By choosing high-quality synthetic PET or PP fibers of different fines, lengths and methods of production, geotextiles get certain mechanical characteristics and properties that meet the general technical requirements for construction in construction and the requirements of designers:
- surface mass [g/m²],
- thickness [mm],
- breaking strength longitudinally / transversely [kN/m],
- intermittent stretching longitudinally / transversely [%],
- static punching (CBR test) [N],
- dynamic penetration (conedrop test, Ø hole) [mm],
- puncture (resistance to pyramidal indentation, puncture resistance) [N],
- watertightness (normal to sample) [x10-2 m/s],
- apparent pore size [μm],
- UV stability,
- chemical resistance.
Geotextiles with a primary filtration function are used to limit the leaching of fine material during the passage of water from the soil layer of fine granulation to the layer of coarser granulation.
As a filter, the geotextile retains soil components or other particles, while allowing fluid to flow perpendicular to the filter plane.
A distinction should be made between the mechanical stability of geotextiles (soil retention capacity) and the hydraulic properties of geotextiles with the aim of draining water with minimal pressure losses.
Geotextiles with a filter function also have the additional function of separating two soil layers, limiting the mixing of two soil layers with different physical properties of the soil (granulometric composition, consistency, subsidence).
They prevent the washing of fine particles and their penetration into the coarser-grained material.
In hydraulic structures, this type of geotextile is used to protect the banks and bottoms of watercourses from erosion, regulation of watercourses. Geotextiles with a primary drainage function are used to drain water that flows into the ground in the plane of the geotextile, with the least possible loss of pressure and significant prevention of leaching of fine material from the soil through appropriate filters.
In hydraulic structures, this type of geotextile is used for drainage.
Geotextiles with the primary function of separation and reinforcement are used to increase the bearing capacity of the foundation soil, embankment layers and bedrock.
It is used in the construction of all types of hydraulic structures.
Nonwoven geotextiles are formed by fixing flat, stacked, endless fibers (filaments) or fibers of limited length (short fibers). Fixing can be mechanical (needle or sewing) and / or adhesive (using a binder), or cohesive (thermal action). They are mostly used for separation, filtration and protection, and often for drainage and reinforcement / reinforcement of soil.
Geotextile is a permeable material produced from synthetic fibers such as polypropylene, polyester, polyamide, polyethylene and others, or from natural fibers (jute, coconut).
Non-woven geotextiles - reinforced and non-reinforced - are most often used in the construction and maintenance of hydraulic structures.
Non-woven geotextile is used in the manufacture of filters and in separation and reinforcement. Geotextiles in hydraulic structures must allow water to flow perpendicular to the geotextile plane (filtration) and / or in the geotextile plane (drainage) thus preventing soil erosion.
Geotextiles can be of the following raw material composition:
- 100% polypropylene fibers PP from 150 - 1200 g / m2
- 100% polyester PET fiber from 150 - 1200 g / m2
Woven geotextile consists of vertically laid fiber systems (nets).
They differ in the type of fibers and the method of connection, as well as the number of threads (fibers) in a unit length
Woven geotextiles are produced by weaving two or more synthetic fibers:
• wrap yarns - parallel to the direction of travel
• weft yarns - vertical to the canvas
Depending on the cross-sectional appearance and type of weaving, there are three types of woven geotextiles:
monofilament woven geotextiles ( 1) and tape woven geotextiles (flattened ribbones, 2), DOS geotextiles (directionaly oriented structures, 3).
Woven geotextiles are made of Polypropylene strips - high tensile strength of 14 -150kN and static penetration of 1800 - 18,000 N.
Biodegradable textiles, contains seeds and fertilizer suitable for a variety of needs, from creation grass cover to erosion control. Its innovative technology enables dosing, distribution and maintenance of seeds and fertilizers in accordance with predetermined spatial layout, so you elements cannot change their position during different phase: handling, transport, assembly and settling. Inside biotextile seeds germinate and grow with good protection, giving excellent results in terms of coverage grass. Just prepare the soil by leveling the surface layer (5-10cm), remove previously present vegetation and stones and level the ground.
Biotextile is light, thin and elastic, easy to spread, does not require specialized labor and it fits perfectly in the ground. biotextile fits in contours the soil and protects it from layered erosion, which stops it soil runoff. It spreads quickly (two people can lay 500m2 biotextiles in about 40 minutes on a slope of 35˚-40˚, and on flat surfaces the same activity lasts only 20 minutes) You can cut and shape it using ordinary household scissors. This is a natural product, completely biodegradable in 4-5 months, depending on the type of land and environmental conditions and climate. Any residue only contributes to soil improvement. It is produced in a natural green color, providing a pleasant first impression and for better integration with the landscape. Contains high quality seed and granular fertilizer, precisely distributed and scattered. These elements are solid secured inside the fabric, even during the handling phase and they are protected from excavation even in the worst of weather conditions or during heavy irrigation. Uniform distribution guarantees uniform germination.
Thanks to biotextile you will avoid loss seeds due to excessive depth, which often occurs after traditional sowing. Moreover, biotextile controls the soil temperature and reduces evapotranspiration, keeping the soil moist condition. The seed we use is a seasonally adapted mixture, pedological conditions, the purpose of use with additional opportunities for further adjustment for the reduced amounts.